Figure 1: Next-Gen Digital Storage Oscilloscope from Keysight, Infiniium EXR Series, 8 Channel, 6 GHz, 16 GSPS, 100 Mpts, 71.7 ps (Source)

Unique and advanced features

Next-Generation oscilloscopes have evolved to offer unprecedented capabilities, from enhanced bandwidth and advanced sampling rates to multi-domain analysis and intuitive user interfaces. Unique features and advantages include:

• Higher Bandwidth: Oscilloscope bandwidth is vital for accurate signal measurements, as it defines the highest frequency the device can reliably record. This is measured at the -3 dB point, where the signal drops to 70.7% of its original value. Insufficient bandwidth distorts waveforms and loses high-frequency details. The "5 Times Rule" ensures less than ±2% error by requiring the oscilloscope’s bandwidth to be at least five times the signal frequency.

  Recent advancements have pushed bandwidth beyond 8 GHz. This is achieved through meticulous design and specialized technology such as Silicon-Germanium (Si-Ge) circuits, which maintain a flat frequency response and reduce out-of-band noise. Advanced digital filtering and high-speed DRAM enhance bandwidth, improving timing and jitter precision for reliable signal analysis. Bandwidth limit circuits reduce noise for cleaner displays but may cut high-frequency content. Some oscilloscopes use DSP filters to enhance bandwidth, flatten frequency response, improve phase linearity, and decrease rise time, ensuring unmatched signal fidelity and measurement accuracy.

Figure 2: The response is very flat in the pass band and rolls off quickly above 8 GHz to preserve a low noise floor. (Source)

• Advanced Sampling Rates: Modern advanced DSOs have significantly improved their sampling rates, leading to higher accuracy in signal capture. These devices use Digital Real-Time (DRT) Sampling Technology to capture waveforms in a single acquisition, preserving total bandwidth and intricate signal details. This is a significant improvement over Equivalent-time (ET) Sampling, which often misses critical transient events.

  With sampling rates up to 10 GS/s on all channels, modern oscilloscopes effectively reduce aliasing and improve fidelity for non-repetitive and single-shot signals. High-speed DRAM enables rapid data processing, while advanced digital filtering minimizes noise and distortion. These improvements allow engineers to precisely capture fast, dynamic signal changes, ensuring accurate timing, jitter measurements, and reliable signal analysis in today's fast-evolving electronic systems.

Figure 3: The advanced oscilloscope sequentially captures, digitizes, and stores discrete amplitude values of the input signal at regular intervals (Source)

• Enhanced Resolution and Precision: DSOs capture signals in real-time using high-sample-rate ADCs but cannot initially display varying trace intensities. Modern Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes (DPOs) improve upon DSOs by reintroducing trace intensity to represent the signal frequency of occurrence.

  Advanced DSOs, such as MulticomPro’s Dual Channel and Quad Channel Digital Ultra Phosphor Storage Oscilloscopes, use this technology to deliver high-quality trace-intensity modulation. They feature fast update rates and deep memory, enabling superior waveform rendering. DPOs, with their ultra phosphor technology, significantly boost signal clarity and make waveform details more visible. This makes detecting subtle variations and noise that standard DSOs often miss easier, providing a superior visual representation of waveforms.

Figure 4: MULTICOMP PRO MP720115 Ultra Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope (Source)

• High Memory Depth: Oscilloscope memory depth, defined as the maximum record length for one acquisition, is essential for maintaining high sample rates over more extended periods, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements without missing important signal events. A larger memory depth allows for capturing and storing more waveform data, essential for analyzing complex or intermittent signals, capturing rare events, and conducting in-depth analysis and troubleshooting. Oscilloscopes with a memory depth of 62.5 Mpts (memory depth) per channel provide superior storage capabilities, allowing for detailed and extended signal capture. This provides significantly more capture time at high sample rates than conventional oscilloscopes with lower memory depths. This advanced memory capacity is beneficial for analyzing complex signals over long periods.
• Advanced Triggering and Search Capabilities: Modern digital storage oscilloscopes have advanced beyond traditional level-triggering methods by incorporating sophisticated features like the Pinpoint trigger system. This system offers highly selectable controls based on amplitude, time, or logic state, allowing for detecting specified conditions, such as narrow pulses, that traditional edge triggers often miss. Techniques like associative memory and weighted hamming distance (WHD) further enhance triggering by capturing and comparing waveform patterns in real-time, providing stable triggers even in noisy environments. These advancements minimize user intervention and improve the oscilloscope's utility in complex signal analysis tasks, simplifying troubleshooting and making the device more versatile. Specific trigger types include:
  • Glitch Triggering: Captures glitches down to 150 ps wide.
  • Width Triggering: Isolates pulses within specified time limits, helpful in observing inter-symbol interference.
  • Runt Triggering: Detects pulses between defined amplitude thresholds, capturing meta-stable conditions.
  • Timeout Triggering: Triggers on high or low events for a specified time.
  • Transition Time Triggering: Identifies edges slower or faster than a specified time.
  • Setup-and-Hold Triggering: Traps violations in synchronous data signals.
  • Window Triggering: Captures bus contentions by triggering events that enter or exit a user-defined window.

These advanced trigger types and controls enable precise event isolation, enhancing the oscilloscope's utility in complex signal analysis.

• Multi-Domain Analysis: Modern oscilloscopes, like Mixed Domain Oscilloscope (MDO), support multi-domain analysis, allowing engineers to work across time, frequency, and protocol domains. An MDO integrates an RF spectrum analyzer with an MSO or a DPO, enabling smooth analysis across digital, analog, and RF signals. This capability allows engineers to view time-correlated displays of protocol, state logic, analog, and RF signals within embedded designs, significantly reducing measurement uncertainty and speeding up troubleshooting.

  MDOs are essential tools for debugging complex systems involving diverse signal types. Unlike traditional DSOs, they offer comprehensive domain analysis, real-time monitoring, advanced triggering options, and enhanced display capabilities, making them indispensable for tackling modern engineering challenges.

  Key benefits of MDOs are:

  • Comprehensive Domain Analysis: MDOs simultaneously monitor time and frequency domains, which is crucial for understanding complex timing and frequency relationships in modern circuits.
  • Reduced Number of Tools Needed: By combining the functions of an oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer, MDOs reduce clutter and streamline workflows for efficient analysis.
  • Real-time Monitoring: Extending real-time monitoring to the frequency domain accelerates troubleshooting and fine-tuning, essential for high-reliability projects.
  • Advanced Triggering Options: MDOs provide advanced triggering across both domains, speeding up debugging and improving the accuracy of problem identification.

In Figure 5, the display showcases a time-correlated view that includes all relevant domains, including protocol (digital), analog, and RF.

Figure 5: In one display, we can have a time-correlated view of all the radio domains: protocol (digital), analog, and RF. (Source)

• Automated Measurements and Analysis: MSOs have revolutionized signal analysis by incorporating automated measurement capabilities. With the press of a button, you can easily measure critical parameters like rise time, fall time, frequency, period, peak-to-peak voltage, and RMS voltage. These measurements come with statistical data like mean, min/max, and standard deviation, providing a detailed understanding of signal behavior over time. As serial buses become more common in electronic systems, decoding and analyzing protocol-based communication has become vital. Modern mixed signal oscilloscopes (MSOs) now include built-in decoders for protocols like I2C, SPI, CAN, and LIN, converting raw bitstreams into readable formats. Some oscilloscopes also provide event tables that correlate decoded data with waveforms and include search functions to locate specific events. Modern MSOs offer advanced waveform math functions, enabling operations like addition, subtraction, and more. These include integration, differentiation, FFT for frequency domain analysis, and user-defined expressions. Digital filtering further enhances measurement accuracy by isolating specific signals, aiding in system characterization and advanced analysis.

Figure 6: I^2C address and data bus waveform decoding (Source)

• Connectivity and Integration: Analyzing measurement results and the ability to document and share this information quickly and frequently is essential. Modern oscilloscopes streamline these tasks by offering enhanced connectivity, providing advanced analysis capabilities and simplifying documentation and results sharing. With standard interfaces such as GPIB, RS-232, USB, Ethernet, and network communication modules, these oscilloscopes provide extensive functionality and are compatible with all types of connectivity. Some advanced models also offer the ability to:

• Create, edit, and share documents directly on the oscilloscope.
• Access network printing and file-sharing resources.
• Use the Windows® desktop.
• Run third-party analysis and documentation software.
• Connect to networks.
• Access the Internet.
• Send and receive emails.